What happened to Loyalists after the Revolutionary War?

If you are tracing your family history during the colonial years of the colonies, you may wish to consider the possibility that their loyalities to the king carried over into the Revolutionary War, when there were two sides; Patriots and Loyalists.

Throughout the Revolutionary War there were known loyalists in the colony, those who sided with the British.  On December 29, 1778 Savannah fell to the British forces and the rebel defenders were routed, losing 550 catured or killed.  As Patriot forces were swept from the State, a bitter civil war ensued between the Patriots and the Loyalists.  Only a year later, during the fall of 1779, the Continental army with help from French forces, attempted to liberate the city from its occupation without success.

One of the colony's most valiant Generals, Lachlan McIntosh came under criticism for his family connections.  In 1770 Lachlan was a leader in the independence movement in Georgia and during January of 1775 helped to organize delegates to the Provincial Congress from the Darien District.  In January of 1776 he was commissioned as a colonel in the Georgia Militia and raise the First Georgia Regiment of the Georgia Line, which was organized to defend Savannah and help repel a British assault at the Battle of the Rice Boats in the Savannah River.  He was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the Continental Army, charged to defend the southern flank of Georgia from British incurisions from Florida. During 1776 and 1777, McIntosh was embroiled in a bitter political dispute with Button Gwinnett, the Speaker of the Georgia Provisional Congress and a radical Whit leader.  The dispute began when McIntosh succeeded Gwinnett as commander of the Georgia Continental Battalion. The two men represented opposing factions in the Patriot cause and Gwinnett was asked to step aside after his election was called into question by opposition within the movement.  However, Gwinnett went on to become a delegate to the Continental Congress and signer of the Declaration of Independence.  He returned to Georgia after his allies gained control of the Provisional Congress and succeeded in electing him speaker and commander-in-chief of the Committee of Safety.  Hence, he began purging the government and military of his political rivals.  His target was George McIntosh, the brother of Lachlan. He then ordered General McIntosh into British Florida on a poorly planned military expedition which failed.  Gwinnett and McIntosh publicly blamed one another for the failure.

Meanwhile, in January of 1777, George McIntosh was placed in irons in the Savannah jail. His brother, Lachlan McIntosh, angrily fought for his release, finally obtaining it for 20,000 pds.  George McIntosh was married to a daughter of Sir Patrick Houstoun (loyalist) and previously held positions of honor and trust.  In 1766 he was a surveyor appointed by the General Assembly to lay out roads, and in 1776, a member of the Commons House Assembly.  During 1777, George became unpopular in political circles when a proposal was made by Governor John Treutlen to unite South Carolina and Georgia. His contemporaries accused him of collaborating with the British during the war and shipping 400 barrels of rice down the St. John's River for use by the enemy.  

The quarrel with Button Gwinnett continued. 

In May of 1777, Lachlan McIntosh addressed the Georgia Assembly and denounced Gwinnett, calling him a "scoundrel" and "lying rascal."  Gwinnett retaliated by sending McIntosh a message demanding an apology or satisfaction. McIntosh refused to apologize and Gwinnett challenged him to a duel. On May 16th, they met in a field owned by James Wright several miles east of Savannah.  The men fired their pistols almost simultaneously, and both men were injured, McIntosh in the leg and Gwinnett in the thigh.  Three days later Gwinnett died from his wounds.  His last will and testament (the first to be filed in Savannah) is found on Georgia Pioneers.

The following year McIntosh was sent to command the Western department of the Continental Army at Fort Pitt, Pennsylvania where he planned a failed expedition against Fort Detroit. Afterwards, he was replaced by Colonel Brodhead and returned to the South where he joined General Benjamin Lincoln in Charleston, South Carolina. McIntosh served with distinction throughout the war, but rumors were passed that his brother George was rendering aid to the enemy by running supplies to the British.

George McIntosh died in 1779 during the siege of Savannah by the British. His estates were confiscated. Lachlan, his brother, desperately fought to recover the estates and titles, but was only successful in having some personal effects sent to his plantation on Sapelo Island. Lachlan, arrested himself by the British during combat at Charleston in 1780, returned home to find the effects and papers of his brother, George, scattered about in unlocked trunks. Land grants and deeds had been placed in a small portmanteau trunk by the wife of George, and these were the only valuable assets retained by the family.  Source: McIntosh Genealogy by Jeannette Holland Austin.

Need to know if your ancestors left a will or estate record?  An easy, quick (and free) way to find out is to click on the links below.


County Records of 8 Genealogy Websites

Alabama
Georgia
Kentucky
North Carolina
Virginia
South Carolina
Tennessee

---

BUNDLE RATE for 8. Access to all eight websites plus additional data in other States: Bibles, genealogies, civil war records, colonial records, marriages, wills, estates, special collections, books written by renowned Georgia genealogist Jeannette Holland Austin.

Membership to 8 Genealogy Websites - Reoccurring subscription with guaranteed low rate

REOCCURRING SUBSCRIPTION WITH PAYPAL = $150 per year. Guaranteed low rate so long as your subscription continues to renew itself. You may unsubscribe at any time, however, to prevent the reoccurring charge, you must "cancel" before the renewal date. To do this, login to your PayPal account and select the cancel option.

About your password. Please allow up to 2 hours for your password. If not received in a timely manner, click to send reminder